Really I've never pegged you as a religous nut, I have religion and all but if anything it makes me more accepting of somethings cause its not really my job to judge peopleOriginally Posted by ...Opey...
Really I've never pegged you as a religous nut, I have religion and all but if anything it makes me more accepting of somethings cause its not really my job to judge people
Why didn't y'all delete my ugly ass sig while I was gone?
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Btw...
us Researchers Find Evidence That Homosexuality Linked To Genetics
Compared To Straight Men, Gay Men Are More Likely To Be Left-handed, To Be The Younger Siblings Of Older Brothers, And To Have Hair That Whorls In A Counterclockwise Direction.
Us Researchers Are Finding Common Biological Traits Among Gay Men, Feeding A Growing Consensus That Sexual Orientation Is An Inborn Combination Of Genetic And Environmental Factors That Largely Decide A Person's Sexual Attractions Before They Are Born.
Such Findings - Including A Highly Anticipated Study This Winter - Would Further Inform The Debate Over Whether Homosexuality Is Innate Or A Choice, An Undercurrent Of California's Recent Proposition 8 Campaign In Which Television Commercials Warned That "schools Would Begin Teaching Second-graders That Boys Could Marry Boys", Suggesting Homosexuality Would Then Spread.
Some Scientists Say The Political And Moral Debate Over Same-sex Marriage Frequently Strayed From Established Scientific Evidence, Including Comments By Republican Vice-presidential Candidate Sarah Palin That Homosexuality Is "a Choice" And "a Decision".
Until 2007, Cnn Polls Had Found That A Majority Of Americans Believed Gay People Could Change Their Sexual Orientation If They Chose To; It Was Only Last Year That A Majority For The First Time Said Homosexuality Was An Inborn Trait.
Christian Groups Such As Exodus International Argue "that Homosexuals Who Desire To Change Can Do So". One Prominent Psychiatrist, Dr Robert Spitzer Of Columbia University, Found Controversial Evidence That Therapy Can Cause Some Gay People To Change To A Heterosexual Orientation, Although The Study Concluded That A "complete Change" Was Uncommon.
While Sexual Behaviour May Be Chosen, The Preponderance Of Researchers Say Attraction Is Dictated By Biology, With No Demonstrated Contribution From Social Factors Such As Parenting Or Other Factors After Birth.
A Host Of Studies Since The Mid-1990s Have Found Common Biological Traits Between Gay Men, Including Left-handedness And The Direction Of Hair Whorls. The Likelihood That If One Identical Twin Is Gay, The Other Will Be Also Be Gay Is Much Higher Than The "concordance" Of Homosexuality Between Fraternal Twins, Indicating That Genes Play A Role In Sexual Orientation, But Are Not The Entire Cause.
"in The Past Decade, I Think The Pendulum Has Swung More Toward Biological Theory And Biological Causes," Said Richard Lippa, A Psychology Professor At California State University-fullerton, Who Has Studied Hair Patterns And Other Biological Traits In Gay Men.
Sven Bocklandt, A Geneticist At The David Geffen School Of Medicine At Ucla, Is Bewildered By The Argument That People Choose Their Sexual Attraction. He Said That Virtually Every Animal Species That Has Been Studied - From Sheep To Fruit Flies - Has A Small Minority Of Individuals Who Demonstrate Homosexual Activity.
"i Really Believe The Reason Most Humans Are Straight Is The Same Reason That Most Crocodiles Are Straight, And The Same Reason Most Whales Are Straight," Bocklandt Said. "nature Would Not Leave Something So Important For Reproduction, For The Survival Of The Species, To Coincidence."
Less Understood Is The Degree To Which Sexual Orientation Is Determined By Genes Or Environmental Factors, Such As Hormones Or Immunological Factors That May Act On A Foetus. What Scientists Call "the Fraternal Birth Order Effect", The Fact That Each Successive Boy Born To The Same Mother Has A Greater Chance Of Being Gay, May Be Due To An Increasing Immunological Response By A Mother's Body To Each Male Foetus In Her Womb.
Long Discredited Are Theories That Parenting - One Mid-20th Century Theory Held That Boys Raised By A Domineering Mother With A Distant Father Were More Likely To Be Gay - Has Anything To Do With Sexual Orientation.
Evidence Of That, Said Michael Bailey, A Professor Of Psychology At Northwestern University In Illinois, Comes From Studies Of Genetically Male Infants Born With Malformed Or Ambiguous Genitals. In Many Such Cases, Surgeons Would Construct A Vagina, And Instruct Parents To Raise The Child As A Girl, With No Knowledge Of His Medical History.
As Adults, Those Prenatally Male/postnatally Female People Were Virtually All Attracted To Women, Bailey Said.
"if You Can't Make A Male Attracted To Other Males By Cutting Off His Penis, Castrating Him And Rearing Him As A Girl, Then How Likely Is Any Social Explanation Of Male Homosexuality?" He Said.
Researchers Are Eagerly Awaiting A Dna Study Of Male Siblings With At Least One Gay Brother By Bailey And Other Scientists At Northwestern University Due In Early 2009, Because It May Shed Light On The Role Genetics Plays In Sexual Attraction.
By Researching 800 Sets Of Brothers, By Far The Largest Study Of Its Type, The Northwestern Study Is Searching For The Specific Genes That Influence Some Brothers To Be Gay And Others To Be Heterosexual.
Women May Have More Fluidity Of Sexual Expression Than Men, But That Doesn't Mean They Don't Have A Specific Sexual Orientation, Said Lisa Diamond, A Professor Of Psychology And Gender Studies At The University Of Utah Who Studies Female Sexual Orientation.
One Explanation Is That Women's Sexual Behaviour Is Driven More By Relationships.
For Some Women, "your Sexual Orientation Does Not Provide The Last Word On The Sorts Of Behaviours And Identities You Might Experience In Your Lifetime," Diamond Said.
"some Lesbian Women Are Predominantly Attracted To Women, But Some Of Them Have Found Themselves Becoming Incredibly Close To Their Best Male Friends, Sometimes Having Sex With Them. It Does Not Make Them Straight. It's Not, Since You Had A One-night Stand With Your Male Friend, That You Can Choose To Become Straight."professor Claims Scientific Evidence Of Homosexuality
A Byu Professor Presented Biological Evidence And Testimony Supporting His View That Homosexuality Is Not An Acquired Tendency And Lifestyle.
In An Off-campus Lecture Held Thursday, March 25, 2004, William Bradshaw, A Professor Of Micro And Molecular Biology, Discussed Scientific Data That He Said Proved Homosexuality Is A Result Of Biological Orientation.
"biology Absolutely Has A Role In Causing Homosexuality," Bradshaw Said.
To Prove His Statements, Bradshaw Offered Data Ranging From Clinical Evidence, Brain Anatomy, Birth Order And Genetic Studies.
Bradshaw Presented Results Of These Studies That Link Biological And Environmental Conditions To Homosexuality.
According To A Study On Handedness In The Psychological Bulletin, Homosexuals Are More Likely To Be Left-handed Than Heterosexuals, He Said.
"there Is A Clear Correlation Between Homosexuality And Non-right-handedness," Bradshaw Said.
Bradshaw Said Statistics Show That Homosexual Individuals Have A 39 Percent Greater Probability Of Being Left-handed Than Right-handed.
Other Studies He Cited Said That Homosexual Men Go Through Puberty Significantly Earlier Than Heterosexual Men, Homosexuality In Men Is Linked With Having At Least Two Or Three Older Brothers And Finger Length In Homosexual Women Is Increasingly Masculineized.
After Stating The Causal Effect Of Biology And Homosexuality, Bradshaw Spoke Candidly About His Personal Convictions Concerning His "latter-day Saint Brothers And Sisters" Who Struggle With Homosexuality.
"my Gay Brothers And Sisters Would Say At This Point In The Lecture, 'brother Bradshaw, We Could Have Told You That Before You Did All Of Those Experiments Because Our Life Experiences Show Us This Relationship. Homosexuality Is Not A Lifestyle We Chose,'" Bradshaw Said.
He Expressed His Deep Concern About The Harmful Opinions And Actions Of The Lds Community.
"in Our Lds Community There Is Not Much Discourse On This Issue," Bradshaw Said. When There Is, It Is "not Usually Civil And It's Not Always Informed."
Bradshaw Said The Lds Community Must Reach Out And Include Those Who Are Homosexual, Because No Encouraging Evidence Suggests The Possibility Of Behavioral And Biological Changes.
Traditional Means Employed To Overcome Homosexuality Include Therapy, Psychoanalysis, Hypnosis, Group Therapy And Religious Group Therapy.
Bradshaw Said Many Of Those People Who Have Experienced Success With These Methods For A Period Eventually Revert To Homosexual Tendencies. He Said It Is Virtually Impossible For Many To Change Their Orientation, Despite Their Righteous Lifestyle.
Bradshaw Referred To An Article In The "ensign" That Says The Atonement Is A Sufficient Means To Resolve The Problems Of This World.
Bradshaw Said Though He Is Absolutely Committed To The Atonement Of Jesus Christ, He Feels This Attitude Is Detrimental To Those Who Will Cope With Homosexuality For The Remainder Of Their Lives.
Bradshaw Estimated There Are 132,200 Gay Members Of The Lds Church, Or Six Members In Every Ward. Consequently, Homosexuality Affects 500,000 Latter-day Saints Who Have Gay Family Members.
Bradshaw Said He Hopes The Lds Community Will Change Its Attitudes Towards Homosexuality And Spend Some Time Worrying About Those 130,000 Members Of The Church.
Bradshaw's Lecture And Statements Left An Impression On Many Students.
"he Made A Lot Of Good Points," Said Tim Fife, A Neuroscience Major From Merced, Calif. "i Definitely Think The Lds Community Needs To Look At This More Closely Instead Of Rejecting Homosexuals. But We Need To Give Heed To The Counsel Of The Prophets And Hopefully We Can Receive Some Understanding."homosexuality: Nature Or Nurture
In Recent Decades, Many Hotly Debated Topics Have Come Under The Scrutiny Of Sociobiologists, Trying To Determine Their Causation And Origins. One Such Topic Is Homosexuality. Originally Thought By The American Psychological Association (hereafter Referred To As Apa) To Be A Mental Disorder, Research Into Its Causes, Origins, And Development Have Consequently Led To Its Removal By The Apa From Its List Of Diagnoses And Disorders [1]. Many Different Theories Can Be Found Regarding The Root Of Homosexuality, As Far Back Historically As Ancient Greece. The Current Debate Is Whether Or Not Homosexuality Is A Result Of Nature: A Person's Environment And Surroundings, Or Of His Biology And Genetics. The Debate Endures Because Both Sides Have The Ability To Create A Scientific Environment To Support Their Cause. For Example, Biological Theorists May Argue That A Monkey And Human Child, Reared In The Same Setting, Will Develop With Vastly Different Outcomes, While Social Theorists May Argue That Monozygotic Twins, One Reared Normally And The Other Raised In Seclusion For 18 Years, Will Also Develop With Vastly Different Results, But Different Even More From The First Scenario [4].
In Debating Sexual Orientation, Much Is Unknown; According To Charles Darwin, "...we Do Not Even In The Least Know The Final Cause Of Sexuality. The Whole Subject Is Hidden In Darkness." [2]. Although The Apa Currently States That Sexual Orientation Is Not A Choice, Rather That "...it Emerges From Most People In Early Adolescence With No Prior Sexual Experience"[1], Social Theorists Argue That An Individual's Upbringing Can Directly Influence This [sexual Orientation]. Also Tied In With Many Of These Debates Is The Morality Of Homosexuality. But The Purpose Of This Examination Is Not To Prove Whether Or Not Homosexuality Is Right Or Wrong, But Rather To Establish A Thorough Understanding Of The Biological And Social Theories Surrounding The Cause Of Homosexuality.
Let Us First Look At The Biological Debate. Biological Theorists Have Found Substantial Instances Of Anatomical, Genetic, And Endocrine Evidence To Support Their Argument. Experiments In Biological Research Date Back As Far As The Late 1930's, Beginning With The Pioneering Research Of Alfred Kinsey (for The University Of Indiana) On Human Sexuality. Kinsey Had Two Goals For His Tests: 1) To Find Out How Many Adult Males Engaged In Homosexual Behavior, And 2) To Suggest Theories About It Came To Be [9]. When Asked If They Had Engaged In Homosexual Sexual Relations, A Large Percent Of The Population Tested Answered "no", However When Asked If They Had Engaged In Same-sex Sexual Relations, The Percentage Answering "yes" Nearly Doubled. The Experiment Yielded That 30% Of Males Had Experienced At Least Orgasm In A Homosexual Act. The Results Of This Research Became The Widely Popularized Kinsey Scale Of Sexuality. This Scale Rates All Individuals On A Spectrum Of Sexuality, Ranging From 100% Heterosexual To 100% Homosexual, And Everything In Between [7]. While Establishing That As Many As 10% Of Adult Males Reported Having Sexual Relations With A Same-sex Partner, This Research Did Little More Than To Put The Word Homosexual Into Common Language.
Karen Hooker Executed The First Psychological Test Done To Test For Biological Determinism In 1957, On A Grant From The National Institute Of Mental Health [2]. The Study Was Meant To Explore The Relationship Between Homosexuality And Psychological Development And Illness. Hooker Studied Both Homosexuals And Heterosexuals. Both Groups Were Matched For Age, Intelligence Quotient (iq) And Education Level, And Were Then Subjected To Three Psychological Tests. These Three Tests, The Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test (tat) And The Make-a-picture-story Test (maps), Were Then Analyzed By Psychologists, And The Results Were Tabulated. The Results Of Hooker's Experiment Yielded No Significant Differences In Answers On Any Of The Three Tests. Because Both Groups' Answers Scored Very Similarly, She Concluded A Zero Correlation Between Social Determinism Of Sexuality.
As A Result Of Hooker's Finding, The Apa Removed Homosexuality From Its Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Psychological Disorders In 1973. In 1975 It Then Released A Public Statement That Homosexuality Was Not A Mental Disorder. In 1994, Two Decades Later, The Apa Finally Stated, "...homosexuality Is Neither A Mental Illness Nor A Moral Depravity. It Is The Way A Portion Of The Population Expresses Human Love And Sexuality" [2].
D.f. Swaab Conducted The Next Noteworthy Experiment In 1990. This Experiment Became The First To Document A Physiological Difference In The Anatomical Structure Of A Gay Man's Brain. Swaab Found In His Post-mortem Examination Of Homosexual Males' Brains That A Portion Of The Hypothalamus Of The Brain Was Structurally Different Than A Heterosexual Brain. The Hypothalamus Is The Portion Of The Human Brain Directly Related To Sexual Drive And Function. In The Homosexual Brains Examined, A Small Portion Of The Hypothalamus, Termed The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (scn), Was Found To Be Twice The Size Of Its Heterosexual Counterpart [2].
At The Same Time, Another Scientist, Laura S. Allen Made A Similar Discovery In The Hypothalamus As Well. She Found That The Anterior Commissure (ac) Of The Hypothalamus Was Also Significantly Larger In The Homosexual Subjects Than That Of The Heterosexuals [2]. Both Swaab's And Allen's Results Became A Standing Ground For The Biological Argument On Homosexuality. The Very Fact That The Ac And The Scn Are Not Involved In The Regulation Of Sexual Behavior Makes It Highly Unlikely That The Size Differences Results From Differences In Sexual Behavior. Rather The Size Differences Came Prenatally During Sexual Differentiation. The Size And Shape Of The Human Brain Is Determined Biologically And Is Impacted Minutely, If At All By Behavior Of Any Kind.
Simon Levay Conducted Another Experiment Regarding The Hypothalamus Of The Human Brain In 1991. Levay, Like Swaab And Allen Also Did A Post-mortem Examination On Human Brains; However, He Did His Examinations On Patients Who Had Died From Aids-related Illnesses. He Examined 19 Declared Homosexual Man, With A Mean Age Of 38.2, 16 Presumed Heterosexual Men, With A Mean Age Of 42.8, And 6 Presumed Heterosexual Women, With A Mean Age Of 41.2 [3]. Levay Discovered That Within The Hypothalamus, The Third Interstitial Notch Of The Anterior Hypothalamus (inah3) Was Two To Three Times Smaller In Homosexual Men Then In Heterosexual Men. The Women Examined Also Exhibited This Phenomenon. Levay Concluded The "homosexual And Heterosexual Men Differ In The Central Neuronal Mechanisms That Control Sexual Behavior", And Like Allen And Swaab, Agreed That This Difference In Anatomy Was No Product Of Upbringing Or Environment, But Rather Prenatal Cerebral Development And Structural Differentiation [2].
Another Line Of Testing Done To Support The Biological Perspective Are Neuroendocrine Studies. The Neuroendocrine Viewpoint's Basic Hypothesis Is That Sexual Orientation Is Determined By The Early Levels (probably Prenatal) Of Androgen On Relevant Neural Structures [7]. If Highly Exposed To These Androgens, The Fetus Will Become Masculinized, Or Attracted To Females. This Research Was Conducted On Rats At Stanford. The Adult Female Rats That Received Male-typical Levels Of Androgens Sufficiently Early In Development Exhibited Male Symptoms Of Attraction. The Same Was True In The Reverse When Applied To The Male Subjects. The Female Exposed To High Levels Of The Hormone Exhibited High Levels Of Aggression And Sexual Drive Toward Other Females, Eventually Trying To Mount The Other Females In An Act Of Reproduction. In The Males, The Subject Who Received Deficient Levels Of Androgen Became Submissive In Matters Of Sexual Drive And Reproduction And Were Willing To Receive The Sexual Act Of The Other Male Rat [7].
A Popular Route Of Experimentation In General Psychology Also Did Not Elude The Biological Argument. Twin Studies Have Become A Highly Debated Area Of Experimentation. Ernest Kallman Conducted The Earliest Twin Study. He Found A 100% Concordance Between Monozygotic (or Identical) Twins (mz), And Only A 12% Concordance For Dizygotic (or Fraternal) Twins (dz). Although Discredited With Methodological Problems, The Early Experiment Paved The Way For A Much-publicized Team To Conduct Their Twin Studies.
J. Michael Bailey And Richard Pillard Also Studied The Gayness Between Mz Twins, Dz Twins, And Non-related Adopted Brothers. They Examined How Many Of The Sample Population Examined Were Gay And How Many Were Straight. They Found That 52% Of Mz Twins Were Both Self-identified Homosexuals, 22% Of Dz Twins Were So, And Only 5% Of Non-related Adopted Brothers Were So. This Evidence, Repeated And Found To Be True A Second Time, Showed To The Biological Camp That The More Closely Genetically Linked A Pair Is, The More Likely They Both Are To Exhibit Gay Or Straight Tendencies. Later Experimenters Found Similar Evidence In Females. One Such Scientist Is Dean Hamer. Hamer Examined The Possibility Of Homosexuality Being An X-linked Trait. He Examined The Family Trees Of Openly Gay Men, And Thought He Saw A Maternal Link, Leading Him To Investigate His Theory Of X-linkage. He Took 40 Dna Samples From Homosexual Men, And Genetically Examined Them. He Found That There Was A 'remarkable Concordance' For 5 Genetic Markers On Section Of The X-chromosome Called Xq28 [2].
Hamer Hypothesized Upon Examining The Family Trees Of The Same Men That On Each Subject's Mother's Side, There Were Markedly Larger Numbers Of Homosexual Men, All Stemming Through The Maternal Lineages. This Observation, Along With His Startling Discovery On Xq28, Led His Findings To Be Dubbed The "gay Gene Study". The Statistical Probability Of The 5 Genetic Markers On Xq28 To Have Matched Randomly Was Calculated To Be 1/100,000 [2], Lending Even More Support To His Findings.
This Finding Of A Possible 'gay Gene' Prompts A Look Into Two Evolutionary Concepts, And How They Are Affected. The Superior Heterozygote Theory States The Phenotypic (actual) Expression Of Homosexuality Is The Result Of Homozygosity For Recessive (non-expressed But Present) Genes [11]. In Simplification, If The Person's Genetic Code Is Heterozygotic (one Homosexual Gene And One Heterosexual Gene), If The Homosexual Allele (half Of The Genetic Code) Is The Allele Passed On To The Next Generation, It Will Become The Phenotype. Heterozygotes Are Only Capable Of Being Passed Through To The Next Generation By Mothers (as The Y-chromosome Is Incapable Of Heterozygosity), This Again Links Homosexuality To X-linkage.
While All Of This Scientific Experimentation And Conclusion Seems Evidentiary, Sociobehaviorists Are Not Convinced. This Opposing Point-of-view Proposes That Homosexuality Is The Result Of Environmental Factors, Not Biological Ones. Most Social Theorists See Childhood Elements As The Largest Contributing Factors To Homosexuality. Often They Examine Childhood Play Patterns, Early Peer Interactions And Relations, Differences In Parental Behavior Toward Male And Female Children, And The Role Of Gender Constancy In The Household [9].
The Social Argument For Homosexuality Dates Back To The Ancient Greeks. Aristophanes, In His Symposium Investigates Homosexuality, Although Not Termed As Such, As A Desire By Men To Share A Long-term Fulfillment Of The Soul. He Believed That Two Souls Are Longing To Be Together, And The Sexual Desire Alone Is Not Strong Enough To Create Homosexuality, But That The Cultural Environment Allows Or Forbids The Relationship To Occur [10]. In Greece Is It Well Known That Many Men Engaged In Same-sex Relationships, However, These Were Not Equal Relationships, They Were Older Men To Young Boys Going Through The Transition To Adulthood. Two Instances Where The Culture Is A Causative Agent Of Homosexual Expression Are In New Guinea And Crete. In Some Tribes In New Guinea, Young Boys Ages 8-15 Are Inseminated Daily By The Young Male Warriors Of The Tribe. In Crete, Every Adolescent Boy Undertook A Homosexual Relationship As A Rite Of Passage Into Manhood [10]. In These Two Instances, The Homosexuality Is Accepted; However, It Can Be Argued That It Is Also Forced, Not A Natural Expression.
Most Psychoanalytic Theories, However, Stress The Role Of Parental And Family Dynamics, Not The Society As A Whole. Behaviorists Believe That Some Sexual And Gender Identification Differences Result From Roles Imposed By Family And Friends Upon Children, Such As The Masculine And The Feminine Stereotypes. Problems With This Are There Is No Evidence, Social Or Biological, To Support That Homosexual Children Were Raised Differently Than Were The Heterosexual Children. Also, With Reinforcement Of Gender Identification Norms, One Would Be Led To Logically Deduce That All Of The Stereotype Reinforcement Would Ensure A Heterosexual Outcome [7].
While It Is Agreed That An Element Of Gender Id Is Based On The Decision Made By Parents On How To Raise The Child, The Other Element Is Formed With The Development Of Language Skills, Naming Of Sexual Behaviors And The Naming Process Related To These Behaviors [9]. Gender Id Is Learned Over Time, And Other Contributions Include The Frequency Of Parental Interactions, Tolerance Of Aggression Levels, And The Vigor Of Play During Childhood. In This, Another Theory Is Acknowledged, The Parental Manipulation Theory. This Theory Is That One Or Both Parents Are Able To Neuter And Control Offspring To Promote Their (the Parent's) Evolutionary Fitness, Ensuring The Passage Of Genes Into The Next Generation. By Selecting Only Heterosexual Practices As Acceptable, The Parents Are Attempting To Promote Their Passage Of Genes [5]. However The Kin-selection Theory Contrasts This. This Theory States That It Doesn't Matter How The Genes Are Passed To The Next Generation, So Long As They Are Passed Along. For Example, Regardless Of A Homosexual Outcome, The Very Similar Genetic Makeup Of Siblings Will Still Allow For The Passage Of The Family Genetics Along To The Next Generation [9].
Two Predominant Social Theorists On Homosexuality Are David Halperin And Jean Foucault. Although Both Social Theorists, Both Have Largely Contrasting Ideas On The Environmental Contributions To The Formation Of An Individual's Homosexuality. Halperin Believed In Planophysical Theory. This Theory Believes That Homosexuality Is A Freak Of Nature, An Error. His Theory Follows In The Tradition Of Psychological Theory On This Subject. Halperin Was A Freudian Psychologist, And Places Stock In Freud's Idea That Homosexuality Is Derived From A Failure To Resolve Oedipal Issues [10]. Although Halperin Has A Large Following From Interest Groups Such As Christian Coalitions, His Theory Is Largely Disrespected By The Psychological Community At Large, As It Provides Only A Result, Not A Cause. He Fails To Produce Any Scientific Evidence. He Does, However, Provide Examples. He Postulates That A Weak Father And Strong Mother, With An Unresolved Oedipus Complex Will Lead To A Weak, And Then Homosexual, Son, Because The Mother Has Too Strong Of An Image, Compared To The Weak State Of The Father. Psychologists Argue That This Same Arrangement Would Also Possibly Lead To A Stronger Son, Striving For Compensation Of His Father's Weakness.
Jean Foucault Argues, "...homosexuality Became Because We Made It So" [11]. Foucault Says That The Category Of Homosexuality Itself Was Only Created A Mere One Hundred Years Ago, After A German Neologism Coined Some Twenty Years Later. Foucault Gives Root To The Social Derivation Of Homosexuality Believing That Homosexuality Appeared As One Of The Forms Of Sexuality, Only "after It Was Transposed From The Practice Of Sodomy Into A Kind Of Interior Androgyny, A Hermaphrodism Of The Soul" [10]. The Theorists Believe That The Homosexual Had Been An Aberration, And Had Then Become A Species, Justifying Itself With A New Word.
Although Both Theorists Represent The Major Ideas Of The Socioenviromental Belief, There Are Three Differences In The Two Theories. The First Is Based On The Depth Of Desire. Foucault Believed That The Depth Of Desire Is Only Sexual Preference, That It Is Nothing More Than Superficial Tastes And Preferences. Halperin Contrasts This With Saying That Homosexuality Does Go Deeper Than Superficial Tastes, And That Homosexuality Is A Psychological Condition, With Much Deeper Roots Than Mere Sexual Preference. The Second Major Difference Is That Foucault Did Not Divide People Into Categories. Halperin Acknowledged That There Are Three General Categories Of People In Respect To Sexuality: Heterosexual, Gay Men, And Lesbians. Foucault Groups Gay Men And Lesbians Into The All-inclusive Term Of Homosexual. The Third Difference Is That Halperin See Homosexuality As A Symmetrical And Equal Relationship, Foucault Believes That Historically, As Far Back As The Greeks, Before The Term Was Coined, Homosexuality Has Always Been Unequal, Differences In Race, Age, Education And Social Status Influencing The 'superficial' Tastes And Preferences Of The Men Influenced.
We Have Examined Many Causes For Homosexuality In The Preceding Pages, Both Biological And Social. And Although An Interesting Topic Of Debate, No One Theory Or Experiment Leads To A Definitive Answer. Some Believe That The Characters Found On Xq28 Are The Holy Grail Of Homosexuality Research, The Elusive 'gay Gene'. Others May Place Stock In The Theories Of Foucault And Halperin. Perhaps Simon Levay Did Reveal To Us That Anatomy Is The Key To Understanding The Difference In Sexual Orientation. Perhaps There Is No One Answer, That Sexual Orientation, Whether Homosexual Or Heterosexual; Gay, Straight, Lesbian, Or Bisexual, All Are A Cause Of A Complex Interaction Between Environmental, Cognitive, And Anatomical Factors, Shaping The Individual At An Early Age.
Works Cited
[1] Apa Online. “answers To Your Questions About Sexual Orientation And Homosexuality”. Online. 11 April 2003. Available http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/answers.html.
[2] “biological Basis For Homosexuality.” Online. 8 April 2003. Available
http://www.geocities.com/southbeach/.../biobasis.html
[3] Bull, James J. And Pease, Craig M. “biological Correlates Of Being Gay” Online. 11 April 2003. Available http://www.utexas.edu/courses/bio301.../gay/text.html.
[4] Fujita, Frank. “the Nature-nurture Controversy.” Online. 8 April 2003. Available http://www.iusb.edu/~ffujita/documents/nn.html
[5] Hoback, Wyatt. “lecture 21. Sociality.” Online. 11 April 2003. Available http://www.unk.edu/acad/biology/hoba...0lecture21.htm.
[6] Moberly, Elizabeth R. Homosexuality: A New Christian Ethic. James Clarke And Co.; Cambridge, Ma, 1983.
[7] Pillard, Richard. “npr Letters On The Biological Basis Of Homosexuality.” Online. 8 April 2003. Available http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/rootweb/ Npr_letters_on_the_biological_ba.htm
[8] Sullivan, Andrew. Virtually Normal: An Argument About Homosexuality. Alfred A. Knopf; New York, Ny, 1995.
[9] Thompson And Devine. “homosexuality: Biologically Or Environmentally Constructed?” Online. 8 April 2003. Available http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/research/ Hnatureproposalsarticles/homosexuality.biologicall.html
[10] Thorp, John. “the Social Construction Of Homosexuality.” Online. 8 April 2003. Available http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/thorp.html
[11] Taylor, Tim. “current Theories On The Genesis Of Homosexuality.” Online. 11 April 2003. Available http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/homes/timt/ Papers/twin_studies/theories.html.more Evidence That Homosexuality Is Genetic
6/12/95 Science: Search For A Gay Gene
A Dna Transplant Made These Male Fruit Flies Turn Away From Females. What Does That Say About The Origins Of Homosexuality?
By Larry Thompson/bethesda
Fruit Flies Are Among The Most Sexually Proficient Creatures On Earth. Their Ability To Produce A New Generation In Two Weeks Has Made Them The Darlings Of Genetics Researchers For Nearly A Century. Put A Male Fruit Fly Into A Bottle With A Female, And He Doesn't Waste Any Time Before Getting Down To Business.
So It's A Bit Bewildering To Watch The Behavior Of Certain Fruit Flies At The National Institutes Of Health In Bethesda, Maryland. There, In The Laboratories Of Biologists Ward Odenwald And Shang-ding Zhang, Strange Things Are Happening Inside The Gallon-size Culture Jars. In Some Experiments, The Female Flies Are Cowering In Groups At The Top And Bottom Of The Jars. The Males, Meanwhile, Are Having A Party--no, An Orgy -- Among Themselves.
With A Frenzy Usually Reserved For Chasing Females, The Males Link Up End-to-end In Big Circles Or In Long, Winding Rows That Look Like Winged Conga Lines. As The Buzz Of The Characteristic Fruit Fly "love Song" Fills The Air, The Males Repeatedly Lurch Forward And Rub Genitals With The Next Ones In Line.
What's Going On?
Without A Wink Or A Chuckle, Odenwald Claims That These Male Fruit Flies Are Gay -- And That He And Zhang Made Them That Way. The Scientists Say They Transplanted A Single Gene Into The Flies That Caused Them To Display Homosexual Behavior. And That's Very Interesting, They Assert, Because A Related Gene Exists In Human Beings, Although There Is No Evidence Yet That The Human Gene Has An Effect On Sexual Preference.
A Report Of Odenwald And Zhang's Findings, To Be Published This Week In Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, Adds To The Mounting Evidence That Homosexuality Has Genetic Origins, And Is Sure To Produce New Fireworks In The Contentious Debate Over What It Means To Be Gay. The Two Scientists Are Not Foolhardy Enough To Claim That A Single Gene Can Make A Person Homosexual. But They Think Their Studies May Yield Important New Insights Into How Genetic Makeup, Through A Complex Series Of Biochemical Reactions, Influences Sexual Orientation.
Such Work Stirs Mixed Emotions In The Gay Community. To Some Extent, Gays And Lesbians Welcome The Research Because It Supports What Most Of Them Have Long Felt: That Homosexuality Is An Innate Characteristic, Like Skin Color, Rather Than A Perverse Life-style Choice, As Conservative Moralists Contend. And If That Is True, Then Gays Deserve Legal Protection Similar To The Laws That Prohibit Racial Discrimination. "on A Political Level, Genetic Research Does Seem To Move The Debate Along A Certain Path," Says Denny Lee Of The Lambda Legal Defense And Education Fund, A Gay Advocacy Group In New York City. "when People Understand That Being Gay Or Lesbian Is An Integral Characteristic, They Are More Open-minded About Equality For Gay Americans."
On The Other Hand, Many Gays Are Wary Of The Genetic Hypothesis. It Could, They Fear, Help Promote The Notion That Gayness Is A "defect" In Need Of "fixing." "any Finding Will Be Used And Twisted For Homophobic Purposes," Says Martin Duberman, Head Of The Center For Lesbian And Gay Studies At The City University Of New York. "if It Does Turn Out That For Some People, There Is A Genetic Or Hormonal Component, The Cry Will Then Arise To Take Care Of That." Indeed, The Cry Is Already Rising.
The Rev. Louis P. Sheldon, President Of The Traditional Values Coalition In Anaheim, California, Says That If A Biological Cause Of Homosexuality Is Found, Then "we Would Have To Come Up With Some Reparative Therapy To Correct That Genetic Defect."
No Matter How People Feel About The Issue, It Is Increasingly Hard To Argue That Genes Play No Role In Homosexuality. The Evidence Began To Pile Up In 1991, When Studies Showed That Identical Twins Were More Likely To Have The Same Sexual Orientation Than Other Pairs Of Siblings. That Same Year, A California Scientist Reported Slight Brain Differences Between Gay And Straight Men, Although The Conclusion Is Disputed. And In 1993, An Nih Researcher Found A Stretch Of Dna On The X Chromosome That Seemed To Harbor One Or More Genes Affecting Sexual Orientation. But No One Has Proved That A Particular Gene Promotes Gayness Or Has Offered Any Convincing Theory Of How Genes Could Influence A Person's Choice Of Sleeping Partners.
Odenwald And Zhang Do Not Pretend To Have Any Easy Answers. In Fact The Type Of Gene They've Been Studying In Fruit Flies Could Not Begin To Account For The Complex Variations In Human Homosexual Behavior. For One Thing, The Gene Does Not Cause Flies To Renounce Heterosexuality Altogether. If A "gay" Fly Is Surrounded By Females Instead Of Males, He'll Fertilize The Lady Flies. So Strictly Speaking, The Nih Flies Are Not Homosexual But Bisexual. And The Gene Produces No Unusual Behavior When Transplanted Into Females: The Scientists Have Produced No Lesbian Fruit Flies.
Yet The Way The Gene Works Is Intriguing, And May Offer Some Clues To The Biochemical Roots Of Gayness. Surprisingly, The Swatch Of Dna In Question Was Discovered Long Ago, And Is One Of The Most Thoroughly Studied Of All Fruit-fly Genes. It Is Called The "white" Gene Because, Among Many Effects, It Influences Eye Color, And A Particular Mutation In The Gene Causes A Fly's Normally Red Eyes To Be White.
The Gene's Specific Job Is To Produce A Protein That Enables Cells To Utilize An Essential Amino Acid Called Tryptophan. If Fruit Flies Are Unable To Process Tryptophan Properly, Then They Cannot Manufacture Red Eye Pigment.
Under Normal Circumstances, The White Gene Is Active Only In Certain Cells, Including Brain Cells, And Does Nothing To Disrupt Standard Sexual Behavior. In The Nih Experiments, Odenwald And Zhang Inserted A Normal Version Of The Gene Into Embryonic Flies, But Transplanted The Gene In Such A Way That It Was Activated In Every Cell. That's What Apparently Played Havoc With The Flies' Sex Lives. With Every Cell Sucking In Tryptophan From The Blood, A Shortage Of Tryptophan Developed In The Brain, Where It Has Important Uses. Since Tryptophan Levels Were Altered, The Researchers Hypothesize, The Brain Was Unable To Make Enough Serotonin, One Of The Neurotransmitters That Carry Messages Between Nerve Cells. Serotonin Is A Multi-purpose Chemical, And Abnormal Levels Of It In Humans Have Been Linked To Everything From Depression To Violent Behavior. In The Case Of The Gay Fruit Flies, The Scientists Speculate, A Shortfall Of Serotonin Produced Those All-male Conga Lines.
Though The Idea Seems Far-fetched, It Jibes With Two Decades Of Research Suggesting That Serotonin Plays A Role In Regulating Sexual Behavior. One Piece Of Evidence Is The Action Of The Drug Prozac, Which Relieves Depression By Lifting Serotonin Levels In The Brain. At The Same Time, Though, The Serotonin Boost Tends To Dampen Sexual Desire. In Contrast, Low Serotonin Levels Can Produce Heightened Sexual Activity, At Least In Lab Animals. In Experiments Done In The U.s. And Italy, Scientists Used Drugs And Special Diets To Suppress Serotonin In Rats, Mice, Cats And Rabbits. The Result Was Increased Sex Drive And, Sometimes, Homosexual Couplings.
As Intriguing As It Sounds, The Serotonin Theory Is Still Full Of Holes. Even If Shortages Of The Chemical Increase Sexual Activity, Why Would It Often Be Homosexual Rather Than Heterosexual? And If Sexual Orientation Is Genetically Determined, Then Why Do Some Identical Twins Differ In Sexual Preferences?
Getting The Answers, If Possible At All, Will Require Much More Research. Even Harder Will Be Knowing How To Use Any Knowledge That Emerges. Will Children Be Given Genetic Tests To Determine The Odds Of Their Becoming Homosexual? Will Prenatal Tests Lead To Abortions Of Fetuses That Might Grow Up To Be Gay?
Scientists Caution Against Jumping To Conclusions About The Meaning Of The Nih Studies. To Complicate The Picture, Some Of The Work Shows That Environment, Along With Genetics, Influences Sexual Behavior. In One Experiment, A Small Group Of "straight" Flies Was Mixed With A Larger Group Of Genetically Altered "gay" Flies.
While The Gays Formed Their Conga Lines, The Straights Stayed To The Side -- But Only Temporarily. After A Few Hours, The Straights Joined In And, For The Time Being, Acted Gay.
In Fruit Flies, And Certainly In Humans, Sexual Orientation Is Just Not A Simple Matter. And No Amount Of Scientific Research Is Going To Change That Fact Of Life.
Copyright 1995 Time Inc. All Rights Reserved.
New Study Finds Genetic Link To Homosexuality
Cancernet From The National Cancer Institute
Cancer Facts
National Cancer Institute
National Institutes Of Health
A New Study Has Found A Correlation Between A Specific Region Of The X Chromosome And Male Homosexuality. The Finding Represents New Evidence That Sexual Orientation May Be Influenced By Heredity.
The Study Is Reported In The July 16 Issue Of Science By Scientists From The National Institutes Of Health In Bethesda, Maryland.
By Analyzing The Inheritance Of Genetic Markers In Pairs Of Homosexual Brothers, The Scientists Localized The Region Related To Sexual Orientation To A Minute Segment Of The Human Genome. However, A Specific Gene Has Not Yet Been Isolated.
Dean Hamer, Ph.d., Chief Author Of The Study, Said, "the Region That We've Discovered Represents A Significant Variation In The Human Genetic Repertoire. If The Gene Itself Can Be Isolated, Then It Will Be Important To Understand How It Interacts With Other Genes, The Brain, And The Environment To Influence A Trait As Complex And Variable As Human Sexuality."
Hamer Is With The National Cancer Institute And Conducted The Study As Part Of The Institute's Effort To Identify Genetic Factors Involved In Cancers That Are Frequently Found In Gay Men Infected With The Aids Virus.
Hamer And Colleagues Studied The Family Histories Of 114 Gay Men And Found That Their Brothers, Maternal Uncles, And Maternal Male Cousins Were More Likely To Be Homosexual Than Would Be Expected Among The General Male Population. In Some Families, Gay Relatives Could Be Traced Back For Three Generations. Because The Homosexual Uncles And Male Cousins Of The Gay Subjects Were Raised In Different Households, The Scientists Hypothesized That A Genetic Factor Was Involved. Furthermore, The Maternal Link Suggested That Homosexuality Might Be Associated With The X Chromosome, Which Is The Sex-linked Chromosome That Men Inherit Only From Their Mothers.
Explicit Evidence For A Genetic Link Was Obtained By Studying The X Chromosome Dna Of 40 Pairs Of Gay Brothers. The Scientists Used A Technique Called Linkage Mapping To Search For Patterns Of Similarity In The Genetic Information Of Related Individuals. Thirty-three Of The Gay Sibling Pairs Had Coinherited Genetic Markers In The Same Chromosome Region Called Xq28, Suggesting That 65 Percent Of The Families Studied Were Transmitting A Gene For Homosexual Orientation.
"the Statistical Significance Of The Results Was Better Than 99 Percent, Which Means That The Possibility Of Obtaining Our Findings By Chance Is Extremely Unlikely," Said Hamer. However, He Noted That Replication On An Independent Population Of Families Will Be Necessary To Confirm The Results.
The Scientists Do Not Know Why 7 Of The 40 Pairs Of Gay Brothers Did Not Coinherit The Xq28 Genetic Marker. Hamer Postulated That These Gay Men May Have Inherited Other Genes That Are Associated With Homosexuality, Or They Might Have Been Influenced By Environmental Factors Or Life Experiences.
"given The Intricacies Of Human Behavior, It Is Not Surprising That A Single Genetic Locus [region] Fails To Account For All Of The Variation Seen In The Study Group," Said Hamer. "what Is Remarkable Is That We Can Account For At Least Some Of The Inherited Variability With A Fair Degree Of Statistical Confidence."
The Scientists Are Also Studying The Families Of Lesbians. Preliminary Results Suggest That Female Sexual Orientation Is Genetically Influenced, But Dna Markers Have Not Been Detected Yet.
Hamer Emphasized That The Study Was Not Designed To Test For Sexual Orientation. The Findings Do Not Permit Determination Of An Individual's Sexual Orientation, He Pointed Out, Because The Complexities Of Sexuality Cannot Be Fully Explained By A Gene Or Genes.
As Efforts To Map The Human Genome Progress, There Will Be Increasing Concern About How The Information Is Used. Scientists, Educators, Policymakers, And The Public Should Work Together To Ensure That Behavioral Genetics Research Is Used To Benefit All Members Of Society And Not To Discriminate," Said Hamer.
The Study Is Titled "a Linkage Between Dna Markers On The X Chromosome And Male Sexual Orientation." The Authors Are Dean H. Hamer, Ph.d., Stella Hu, M.a., Victoria L. Magnuson, Ph.d., Nan Hu, M.d., And Angela M. L. Pattatucci, Ph.d.
Date Last Modified: 07/93
Angier, Natalie. "research On Sex Orientation Doesn't Neatly Fit The Mold." New York Times, 18 July 1993.
Describes Dr. Dean Hamer's Research Into A Genetic Basis For Sexual Orientation. Hamer's Study, Reported In The Journal Science, Found That 33 Of 40 Pairs Of Gay Brothers Had Identical Regions On A Tip Of The X Chromosome, Suggesting That One Or More Genes At That Location May Be Partially Responsible For Their Sexual Preference. Dr. Hamer, With The National Cancer Institute (bethesda, Md), Claims That Other Genes, As Well As Environmental Factors, Almost Certainly Help Determine A Person's Sexual Orientation.
Leaders Of Gay Groups, Policy Makers And Others Are Grappling With The Social Implications Of The Research. While Some Gays Embrace The Idea That Sexual Orientation Is Innate And Unchangeable, Others Worry That The Emphasis On The Biology Of Homosexuality Is Motivated By A Desire To "fix" It With Some Kind Of Medical Intervention. There's Also A Concern That Hamer's Research Could Lead To Prenatal Testing For A Gay-linked Gene And Then The Aborting Of Fetuses With The Gene. In Any Case, Many Doubt That Biology Alone Can Explain Something Believed To Have Social, Environmental And Even Political Roots.
Will The New Discoveries Aid Efforts To Block Anti-gay Rights Ordinances, Promote Anti-discrimination Laws, Or Counter Homophobia? Richard Green At Ucla Said If Homosexuality Were Discovered To Be As Unchangeable As Race, Then Laws Discriminating Against Gays And Lesbians May Fall. Gregory King, Spokesman For The Human Rights Campaign Fund (washington, Dc): "we Know From Polls That When People Understand That Sexual Orientation Is Not Chosen, They Are More Inclined To Support Basic Civil Rights For Lesbian And Gay People." Kevin Cathcart, Executive Director, Lambda Legal Defense And Education Fund (ny): "bigotry Does Not Respond Well To Facts. Race And Gender Are Clearly Biologically Determined, And Yet That Hasn't Eliminated Racism And Misogyny."
Lon Mabon, Chairman Of The Anti-gay Oregon Citizens Alliance (wilsonville, Or), Believes That Homosexuality Should Not Be Condoned Even If It Has A Biological Basis: "some People Have Said There's A Genetic Link To Alcoholism, But That Does Not Excuse The Drunk."
~*~
[ Of Course, The Last Idiot Seems To Have Ignored The Fact That Drunks Kill People Due To Thier, Uh, Happy State... And Gays Don't... - Joe Seatter ]
I tend to judge people that judge other people which is a really fucked up conundrum for me lol
You'd have to be an idiot to belive this, what people would choose to be outcasts who get treated like shit and get killed Lol.
And I don't understand this logic. So let me get this straight it's a choice to feel attracted to men. So you could make that choice and tomorow you wouldnt be disgusted by kissing men? Cuz you made that choice? And why don't you make that choice then? Oh wait I know! Cuz you dont feel attracted to men! Cuz you WERENT BORN GAY lolz
The proof is in people who have made a DECISION, to be gay or not gay. I have 2 friends who can testify to this fact. They lived a homosexual lifestyle and now are straight with girlfriends. And on the flipside, I have friends who were straight and CHOSE to 'go gay'. The argument of "when did you choose to be heterosexual' is so overplayed. Logic is fine, but I think in the absence of scientific data to prove that homosexuality is genetic, personal testimonies trump any supposed theory.
How many republicans have been caught having gay sex in a bathroom? uh, like 2-3? Out of like 300+ current politicians? Lol and you still can't come up with an adamantly anti-gay republican who has won in a blue state.
You see it as denying rights, I see it as progressing in a wrong direction. You say if that's where it starts where does it stop, and I say exactly. Are we to accommodate every people group? What happens when some nutjob wants to marry his sister? Or polygamists want a 3rd or 4th wife? Are we to allow them to marry, and if not do they have grounds to complain for "equal rights'? I mean c'mon man, this is where relativity goes way too far. If what's true for you is true for you, and whats true for me is true for me, what if my truth says yours is a lie? Is it still true? Lol.
A ruthless
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of everything existing.Po'ethicsabstanticollective.
Funny how having a decent set of morals and belief in Jesus pegs you as a 'religious nutjob'
A ruthless
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of everything existing.Po'ethicsabstanticollective.
I think that for one, there isn't a large market for a "Gay Rapper" I mean what does that entail as far as content? As far as marketing? I do think that we as a society should embrace the fact that homosexuals deserve all the same rights as straight people. Hip Hop in particular shines a negative light on homosexuality (though it's a speck compared to some Reggae/Dancehall stuff) and I think that's because Hip Hop is fueled on ideal masculinity and homosexual men don't embody that in public opinion. In America the stymga is that gay men are weak and inferior and whether true or not Hip Hop is the fruit of collective reasoning IMO and society is the tree.
Laying face down in the mainstream.Po.Ethics.
Are you kidding me?! Why would you NOT want to be gay if you were craving attention? I've seen homosexuals brought on TV that would have never been known if they were hetero.
I don't understand why choice is so hard to accept? I mean look at everyday choices people make, my friend Kim for example, one week she wants to live in Korea, the next week NYC. Why is it hard to accept that one's sexual orientation choices would be any different? And I think if you look at the history, ALOT of homosexuals have either been sexual abused, mistreated by their father, or have other various psychological issues stemming from hurtful and damaging relationships.
Last edited by Moniker; March 15th, 2009 at 10:41 PM
A ruthless
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of everything existing.Po'ethicsabstanticollective.
Lets just stop this now why would a republican win in a BLUE state with those values considering most blue states are more liberal about homosexuality? But the general republican stand on homosexuality is: "Its Bad! and will tear the fiber of the American family apart"
Why didn't y'all delete my ugly ass sig while I was gone?
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I think that's an extreme take. While more Republicans are against homosexual marriage then democrats, it's not like they are actively seeking to harm or purge them from society.
A ruthless
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of everything existing.Po'ethicsabstanticollective.
and on another note I don't believe your friends were gay and chose to be straight, the likely hood is they are gay but received so much hate and ridicule they choice to conform to what people expect of them so they aren't looked down on hated and judged, lots of Gay people try to live heterosexual life styles to please people and save themselves from the ostrisizing they were probably receiving. And your Straight friend was was gay probably tried to do what he knew was socially acceptable before realizing it really wasn't for him that proves nothing accept people still come out or go in the closet.
Why didn't y'all delete my ugly ass sig while I was gone?
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Wrong. Sorry man, go make some friends and have some life experience with people you were previously gay and now straight and you'll understand, until then all you can offer is intellectual hypotheses.
A ruthless
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of everything existing.Po'ethicsabstanticollective.
I kind of have an on-the-fence belief in that I think it's more nurture that determines wheter or not someone is gay as opposed to nature or will. I think your experiences are what have the most impact on your habits and desires. From the discussions I've had with gay friends they all have had similiar impactful experiences, not the same 1 or 2, but most of them have had upbringings and have been raised in a certain way where it makes sense that they all went the way they did. It isn't very scientific to say that boys turn gay when they don't get love from or are ridiculed by their fathers but I think that situation is condusive to the emotional trauma that leads to the "decision" for that kid to turn gay.
Laying face down in the mainstream.Po.Ethics.
How is that extreme? THEY ARE AGAIST SAME SEX MARRAIGE
Some democrats are against same sex marriage but at least most of them don't include it in there platforms or as a party prospective republicans are just as Anti-Same sex union as they are pro-life no choice. And thats there choice but I'm not trying to get into politics accept to say if you can win on a platform denying people the rights something is wrong especially if they do it in the name of religion because there is supposed to be a separation of church and state
Why didn't y'all delete my ugly ass sig while I was gone?
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I have no gay friends but i do know gay people, I had a very social life in high school and know people who had girlfriends all though HS and now have boyfriends and have said they were scared to come out in HS and scared to let their parents know before they had another place to live.
my Cousin had girlfriends until he was 25 then came out of the closet and said he was gay and exactly what he feared happened it put a strain on his relationship with his mother, don't tell me people don't pretend to be what they aren't to please the people they love they do out of fear, the fear they will disappoint or be rejected. Your Life experience isn't the only life experience there is, its a big world much bigger then your 2-3 friends.
Why didn't y'all delete my ugly ass sig while I was gone?
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